However, from the point of view of an observer falling into the black hole, he would not notice anything when crossing the horizon of an astrophysical black hole. The object approaching the event horizon would simply fade away over time and ultimately disappear. From that of a distant observer, we never see anything fall into the black hole, i.e., enter the event horizon. This implies that nothing that enters the black hole horizon can be observed from outside this horizon. Nothing inside the horizon can ever escape or come back across this boundary, not even light. It marks the boundary between the black hole and the rest of the universe. We asked Xavier Calmet, a professor of physics in the United Kingdom a few questions about black holes and event horizons. International collaboration among over 200 scientists and some of the world’sīest radio observatories.Xavier Calmet is a professor of physics and astronomy in the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at the University of Sussex, U.K. TheĪchievement encompasses not only technological breakthroughs but also Science, it gives stunning visual evidence of Einstein’s theory. The efficient and adaptable n-dimensional array that is NumPy’s central featureĮnabled researchers to manipulate large numerical datasets, providing aįoundation for the first-ever image of a black hole. In visualizing data throughout the analysis pipeline, including the generation Were handled by Astropy, while Matplotlib was used The standard astronomical file formats and time/coordinate transformations Software dependency chart of ehtim package highlighting NumPyīesides NumPy, many other packages, such asĭata processing pipeline for imaging the black hole. In this package, as illustrated by the partial software NumPy is at the core of array data processing used Simulating and performing image reconstruction on VLBI data. ![]() Their work illustrates the role the scientific Python ecosystem plays inĪdvancing science through collaborative data analysis.įor example, the eht-imaging Python package provides tools for When results proved consistent, they were combined to yield the The EHT collaboration met these challenges by having independent teamsĮvaluate the data, using both established and cutting-edge image reconstruction What if there’s a problem with the data? Or perhaps an algorithm relies too When the goal is to see something never before seen, how can scientists beĮHT Data Processing Pipeline (Diagram Credits: The Astrophysical Journal, Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration) NumPy’s Role Reducing the volume and complexity of this much Widely dissimilar and geographically dispersed.Įach day EHT generates over 350 terabytes of observations, stored on Phase fluctuations, large recording bandwidth, and telescopes that are Use it to measure the black hole’s enormous mass.ĮHT poses massive data-processing challenges, including rapid atmospheric Gravitational bending and capture of light. Relativity, scientists expected to find a shadow-like region caused by It had been studied forĬomparing Observations to Theory: From Einstein’s general theory of Of the galaxy Messier 87 (M87) in the Virgo galaxy cluster. The Black Hole: EHT was trained on a supermassive black holeĪpproximately 55 million light-years from Earth, lying at the center Observational support of Einstein’s theory of general relativity. The groundwork for the EHT’s groundbreaking image had been laid 100 yearsĮarlier when Sir Arthur Eddington yielded the first The huge virtual telescope, which uses a techniqueĬalled very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), has an angular resolution ofĢ0 micro-arcseconds - enough to read a newspaper in New Yorkįrom a sidewalk café in Paris! Key Goals and Results ![]() The size of the earth, studing the universe with unprecedented Katie Bouman, Assistant Professor, Computing & Mathematical Sciences, Caltech A telescope the size of the earthĪrray of eight ground-based radio telescopes forming a computational telescope Imaging the M87 Black Hole is like trying to see something that is by definition impossible to see. Black Hole M87 (Image Credits: Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration)
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